Why are 108 beads used for chanting across all cultures of divinity?

Mathematicians of Vedic culture considered the number 108 as the number of wholeness of the universe.

27 Constellations (Nakshatras) x 4 Padas (Parts) = 108

12 Zodiac signs x 9 Planets = 108

Number of upanishadas and vedas = 108

The average distance of the Sun and the Moon to Earth is 108 times their respective diameters.

Thus when we recite a mantra 108 times, we are actually putting forward our desire and remembering the entire Universe.

As per the Vedic Traditions, the correct way to use a mala is with the right hand, with the thumb flicking one bead to the next, and with the mala draped over the middle finger. The index finger represents ego, the greatest barrier to self-realization, so it is considered best avoided when chanting on a mala.